Modern Technique For Land Caluation For Master Plan Of A City

City Planning is a Continuous process; responding to multifarious developments internal And external, with developing technology a City has new roles to play and urban development Needs new directions. For new directions of planning we require data, facts, information of Present and past so that our planners can plan for future needs on the basis of information, Data, facts available to them. Keeping in view the comparative data of past, present and Future a plan is prepared by planners. For arranging or collection of various data, facts and Information we need Services of a specialists, highly experienced and trained professional Called Surveyor who Should expertise in data collection and its evaluation. It is a fact that the Surveyor is very close to nature, problems of planning. Surveyor is very close to people and to Facts on ground . it is not important that he should be qualified only but he should be trained And experienced for type and nature of survey to be conducted and its evaluation, impact on City planning.

India faces tremendous pressure on her existing natural resources being the 2nd most Populous nation in the world. The growth of our population ias increasing with an alarming rate, hence every parcel of land should be utilized judiciously, to cater the needs and demands of the growing population. According to a recent report of the Govt. of India, the land availability is declining and will continue to decline if necessary steps are not taken by the planners, values scientists , social activists NGOS etc. to control population explosion and optimum utilization of land available. Since, the land is limited, we should concentrate and make our efforts for its optimal utilization for the benefit of human kind.

Project success mainly depends upon (a) the site selection, (b) detailed survey of site And (C) topography of area and availability of resources. Therefore, we have to avail the Services of surveyor & valuer before conceiving any project /scheme, may be rural or urban Infrastructural development.

Land is a finite resource and is under tremendous pressure on account of growing Population. It has been put to various uses such as residential, industrial, agriculture, mining, Recreation etc. the value of a piece of land depends upon the surrounding and can be valuated On the basis of its location defined by economic and business activity and presence of Infrastructure.

Remote sensing is one such technology which can be of immense use in land evaluation.The remote sensing data provides a Synoptic view of the earth S Surface with all natural as Well as Man made features. With the availability of high resolution satellite data it has now become possible to map individual dwellings at city/ ward level utilities/infrastructure mapping at city/ ward level can also be done using high resolution PAN data, which depicts road network,power and telecom lines, health and educational facilities etc. Hence remote sensing data can play a key role in evaluation of land by mapping infrastructure and other necessary details which are important in deciding the cost of a piece of land. As a simple example, a piece of land lying adjacent to a lake will have a higher value than a piece of land by the side of a drain. However, the value will also vary depending upon the purpose for which the land is proposed to be utilized. If one is looking a piece of land for commercial purpose, he should target the heart of the city in contrast to a person who is looking for an industrial set up,which requires a land outside the city limit. Remote sensing data provides a time and cost effective solution for land evaluation, which can be very useful for planners and decision makers involved in real estate and industrial sectors.

Modern Techniques of Remote Sensing is one of the frontier technologies which has been widely used/ employed in areas ranging from regional mapping to small/ local area mapping in the fields of agriculture, forestry,natural resource survey, water resources, soil studies, Geological studies, oil and mineral exploration, agriculture flood mapping and monitoring,Disaster management, drought monitoring, defence and surveillance, landuse/ landcover Mapping, urban planning and landuse changes etc. Remote sensing data is basically in the Form of digital mode which is supplied as Computer Compatible Tapes (CCTS) and CD- ROM.However, the data is also available in photographic form as imageries in panchromatic (Black & white) and Multispectral (coloured, false Colour Composite) modes, a hard copy Products.

Satellite data (based on recognition elements) which can be obtained for every fixed Cycle for extraction of following details:-

LANDCOVER & LAND PATTERN MAPPING:

This particular application demarcates the following features on the imageries, which Can be supplied as map sheet describing each and every land feature by a distinct symbol/Colour.

 

(a)	Built  up land	Residential   limit  colonies, road  network,Commercial centers, schools, colleges, stadium,Playground
(b)	Industrial Areas	Stockpile of   material, waste disposal
(c)	Archaeological Structures/ buildings	Fort, Tomb, Palaces
(d)	Farm Houses	Limits of Farm houses, structures within farm,House
(e)	Communication Lines	Railways, Roads, highways, cart tracks.
(f)	Agriculture Land	Ploughed/harvested/standing crops
(g)	Forest   Land	Density of forest, limit of forest, degradation of Forest on temporal basis wildlife sanctuary
(h)	Wasteland Identification	Saline/alkaline Soil, fallow land, river/deserted,Sand, barren/ rocky land, gulled/resinous land,Upland with or without scrub, degraded land,Under plantation crops, mining/ quarrying land
(i)	Water Bodies	Canals (dry/wet), lakes, Ponds, rivers, streams, Nallahs, drains, distributaries.
(j)	Defense/Strategic establishment	Army cantonment, air force, radar installations etc.
(k)	Soil Study	Type of Soil, health of soil.

Based on the above land use/land cover categories we can also detect the change in landuse Categories over a of years/months.
We know this fact that we can't cultivate or produce more land. Hence we must know our limitations before making any Master Plan. "There is only one Earth" and we have to live in this very earth. We, therefore, must act environmentally safe so that our earth is saved.Earth is the only planet which is Gifted with life and human beings. Therefore, we must play act safe while handling urbanization of limited land for infrastructure development, by utilizing the services of qualified, experienced and trained valuers and surveyors with latest and modern equipments, techniques.

TOOLS FOR LAND VALUATION:

Satellite Data on Suitable Scale
Toposheets of Survey of India
Aerial Survey
Land requirement as per vision Statement for particular period
Master plan of area under Study
Revenue Maps
Ground Verification of important details
Expert for visual interpretation of Satellite data.

CONCLUSION:

Modern Techniques of Remote Sensing has to be utilized during any study of Master Plan/Zonal Plan of any developed/underdeveloped City for land evaluation in terms of quality, quantity, Shape, location, type and Status of adjoining areas available for the purpose of , Valuation. Distances & location of basic infrastructure like road, railway, water bodies, urbanized areas, Green belt/ Green cover etc available in satellite data can be used for project planning of City or preparation of Master Plan, Zonal plan etc.

RECOMMENDATION:

Modern technique of remote sensing for land valuation can be utilized for :
1. Remote sensing techniques for valuation is suitable for regional/ city level, planning Alignment options study of expressway, high ways, metro-rail alignment, pipe alignment Etc. without visiting ground/ site.
2. Realistic planning with up-to-date information.
3. Project performance & Monitoring.
4. Density of area, population, green cover, etc.
5. Best technique for secret and sensitive projects.
6. Economical & time Saving
7. Comparison of city Growth trend for density calculations
8. Certification of work done for evaluation for release of payment.
9. Visit at site not required.
10. For preparation of natural resource inventory & costing.
11. Can be used for the purpose of loss estimation due to natural disaster.
12. It is a legal document for evidence purpose for cortication and valuation of work done.
13. Overlaying facility over revenue maps/khasra plan.
14. Overlaying facility of satellite data on any planning, Master plan or any proposalon any scale.